Building a Future for Children with Autism

Introduction
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition affecting communication, social interaction, and behavior. While early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes, Uzbekistan has historically faced significant barriers in autism detection due to a lack of standardized diagnostic tools and trained professionals.

Recognizing this challenge, Vatandosh Connect, in collaboration with UNC TEACCH (University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill) and the Republican Center for Social Adaptation of Children (RCSAD) Qarshi branch, launched an initiative to enhance autism services in Uzbekistan. This groundbreaking project aimed to train specialists, introduce evidence-based diagnostic methods, and improve early autism detection across the country.



The Urgency of Early Autism Diagnosis

Over the last decade, autism awareness has increased globally, but early detection remains a challenge in Uzbekistan. Many children go undiagnosed or are misdiagnosed due to a lack of trained specialists and cultural misconceptions surrounding autism. Early intervention can drastically improve developmental outcomes, making it essential to implement effective screening and diagnostic tools.

Key challenges include:

Limited awareness and understanding of autism symptoms among parents and educators.

Insufficient training for healthcare providers in using standardized autism diagnostic tools.

Delayed interventions, leading to reduced access to support services for children and families.

By addressing these barriers, the Vatandosh Connect-UNC TEACCH-RCSAD Qarshi partnership has created a sustainable model for autism diagnosis and support in Uzbekistan.

The Partnership Behind the Project
This initiative brought together key stakeholders to ensure the success of autism diagnosis training and implementation:

UNC TEACCH (University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill): Provided world-class expertise in autism assessment, training specialists in Uzbekistan on internationally recognized diagnostic tools.

Vatandosh Connect: Led project coordination, oral translation during the seminar, and capacity-building efforts, ensuring effective implementation.

RCSAD Qarshi Branch: Facilitated local participation, ensuring that the training and diagnostic efforts reached communities in need.

Together, these organizations worked to build a comprehensive, long-term framework for autism assessment in Uzbekistan.

Training and Capacity Building for Autism Diagnosis
One of the major milestones of this initiative was the ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition) training, which equipped professionals with the skills needed to accurately diagnose ASD.

Training Workshops and Participation
445 professionals trained across multiple Uzbek cities, including Karshi, Tashkent, Samarkand, and Termez.

26 pediatric neurologists, psychologists, and special educators received intensive ADOS-2 training from UNC TEACCH experts.

Specialists were trained in M-CHAT-R, ASQ, and ADOS-2, ensuring standardized, evidence-based autism diagnostics.

Key Training Topics Covered
Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), including symptoms and prevalence.

Use of screening tools like Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT-R) and Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ).

Detailed hands-on training in ADOS-2 administration, scoring, and interpretation.

Interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers, educators, and families.

These training sessions have created a network of specialists capable of diagnosing and supporting children with autism across Uzbekistan.

Direct Impact: Screening and Diagnosis of Children
A key component of the initiative was the screening and diagnosis of children using ADOS-2, ensuring early identification and access to interventions.

Key Findings from Autism Screenings
89 children from Kashkadarya, Samarkand, Surkhandarya, and Tashkent regions were screened.

55% diagnosed with autism, requiring specialized intervention and support.

30% diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), showing varying degrees of symptoms.

15% assessed as neurotypical, ruling out autism concerns.

By identifying children early, this initiative is ensuring that families receive timely interventions, increasing the likelihood of improved developmental outcomes.

Educational Resources and Community Outreach
Public awareness and education were central to this project’s success.

Key Outreach Efforts
300 booklets on early autism detection distributed to families, caregivers, and healthcare professionals.

3-minute awareness video produced to educate communities about autism, helping reduce stigma and increase acceptance.

Public education efforts to combat misconceptions and promote early intervention.

These efforts ensure that families, educators, and healthcare providers are equipped with the knowledge needed to support children with autism.

Challenges and Lessons Learned
While the project was highly successful, it faced several challenges:

Logistical delays, including funding and procurement of ADOS-2 kits.

Regulatory barriers, requiring navigation of government approvals and customs for diagnostic tools.

Cultural challenges, addressing misconceptions about autism and the need for early screening.

Key Lessons from the Project
Collaborative training is essential: Bringing together healthcare providers, educators, and caregivers strengthens the support network for autistic children.

Parental education matters: Parents are often the first to notice developmental differences, making their involvement critical in early diagnosis.

Ongoing training is necessary: Regular workshops ensure professionals stay updated on best practices in autism assessment and intervention.

The Road Ahead: Next Steps for Autism Services in Uzbekistan
The success of this initiative lays the foundation for continued expansion and development of autism services in Uzbekistan.

Future Plans
Expand ADOS-2 training to more healthcare professionals across the country.

Establish support networks for parents and caregivers to provide continuous guidance and education.

Integrate autism screening into early childhood education programs, ensuring all children are assessed at an early age.

By scaling these efforts, Vatandosh Connect and its partners aim to build a more inclusive and supportive system for children with autism in Uzbekistan.